Rare diseases · Sign or symptom
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit
HP:0007018
What it means
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient.
In everyday care
Most people with this sign do not have a rare disease — it appears in common conditions far more often. These general reference pages cover the same topic:
Rare diseases that can present with this159
Very common80–99%
17- 15q11q13microduplication syndrome
- 17p11.2microduplication syndrome
- 9p13microdeletion syndrome
- Distal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
- Distal Xq28 microduplication syndrome
- Facial dysmorphism-developmental delay-behavioral abnormalities syndrome due to 10p11.21p12.31 microdeletion
- Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease
- Global developmental delay-osteopenia-ectodermal defect syndrome
- Growth delay due to insulin-like growth factor type 1 deficiency
- Myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
- Nijmegen breakage syndrome
- Rabies
- Sialuria
- Smith-Magenis syndrome
- Trisomy 18p syndrome
- X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
- X-linked intellectual disability, Van Esch type
Common30–79%
63- 14q11.2microduplication syndrome
- 15q11.2microdeletion syndrome
- 16p13.11microduplication syndrome
- 17q21.31microduplication syndrome
- 19p13.13microdeletion syndrome
- 1p31p32microdeletion syndrome
- 22q11.2deletion syndrome
- 2p15p16.1microdeletion syndrome
- 47,XYY syndrome
- 48,XXXY syndrome
- 48,XXYY syndrome
- 49,XXXXY syndrome
- 8p23.1microdeletion syndrome
- 8p inverted duplication/deletion syndrome
- 8q12microduplication syndrome
- Alobar holoprosencephaly
- CHARGE syndrome
- Childhood absence epilepsy
- Childhood-onset schizophrenia
- Classic pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
- Cornelia de Lange syndrome
- Distal 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome
- Distal deletion 15q syndrome
- Dubowitz syndrome
- Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures
- Facial dysmorphism-developmental delay-behavioral abnormalities syndrome due to WAC point mutation
- Familial colorectal cancer Type X
- Fragile X syndrome
- Global developmental delay-alopecia-macrocephaly-facial dysmorphism-structural brain anomalies syndrome
- Hao-Fountain syndrome due to 16p13.2 microdeletion
- Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome
- Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
- Jacobsen syndrome
- Landau-Kleffner syndrome
- Lobar holoprosencephaly
- Lujan-Fryns syndrome
- Lynch syndrome
- Marden-Walker syndrome
- Midline interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly
- Mosaic trisomy 17 syndrome
- MYT1L-related developmental delay-intellectual disability-obesity syndrome
- Narcolepsy type 1
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 due to NF1 mutation or intragenic deletion
- Obesity due to SIM1 deficiency
- Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe
- PANDAS
- PHIP-related behavioral problems-intellectual disability-obesity-dysmorphic features syndrome
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
- Proximal 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome
- Recessive X-linked ichthyosis
- Resistance to thyroid hormone due to a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor beta
- Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
- SATB2-associated syndrome due to a pathogenic variant
- Semilobar holoprosencephaly
- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
- Spastic paraplegia type 7
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- Syndromic recessive X-linked ichthyosis
- Transketolase deficiency
- Tubulinopathy-associated dysgyria
- Unilateral focal polymicrogyria
The range is how often this sign appears among people diagnosed with each disease — it is not a probability of having any of them. Many of these signs also occur in common, non-rare conditions. A sign on this page is a conversation to have with a clinician, not a conclusion.
Part of the broader category
Also called: ADHD · Attention deficit disorder · Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder · Attention deficits · Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Start free with EleplanThis page uses the Human Phenotype Ontology (2026-06-23) — Human Phenotype Ontology Consortium, hpo.jax.org. Disease associations from Orphanet (INSERM), CC BY 4.0. Content is educational and is not medical advice.