Rare diseases · Sign or symptom
Dyslexia
Reading disability
HP:0010522
What it means
A learning disorder characterized primarily by difficulties in learning to read and spell. Dyslectic children also exhibit a tendency to read words from right to left and to confuse letters such as b and d whose orientation is important for their identification. Children with dyslexia appear to be impaired in phonemic skills (the ability to associate visual symbols with the sounds they represent).
Rare diseases that can present with this17
Common30–79%
7Sometimes5–29%
9- Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia type 4
- Atypical progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome
- Autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract
- Childhood absence epilepsy
- Glutamate-cysteine ligase deficiency
- Isolated corpus callosum agenesis
- Marchiafava-Bignami disease
- Rheumatic fever
and 1 more in this range
The range is how often this sign appears among people diagnosed with each disease — it is not a probability of having any of them. Many of these signs also occur in common, non-rare conditions. A sign on this page is a conversation to have with a clinician, not a conclusion.
Part of the broader category
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Start free with EleplanThis page uses the Human Phenotype Ontology (2026-06-23) — Human Phenotype Ontology Consortium, hpo.jax.org. Disease associations from Orphanet (INSERM), CC BY 4.0. Content is educational and is not medical advice.