ICF syndrome

What it is

A rare autosomal recessive syndrome with combined immunodeficiency characterized by the clinical triad of immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies (abbreviated ICF syndrome). The immunodeficiency is with panhypogammaglobulinemia, and a lack of memory (CD19+CD27+) B cells in the peripheral blood, although B and T-cell counts are normal. Anomalies and rearrangements associated with DNA hypomethylation in the vicinity of the centromeres (the juxtacentromeric heterochromatin) of chromosomes 1 and 16 and sometimes 9, in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, is a hallmark of the syndrome. The typical facial anomalies include hypertelorism, low-set ears, epicanthus and macroglossia.

Key facts

Prevalence

<1 / 1 000 000

Age of onset

Childhood

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Classified as

Malformation syndrome

Prevalence figures describe populations, not individuals, and are often estimates from a single study. Where the figure is an incidence or a birth prevalence, it says so.

Signs and symptoms

These ranges are how often a sign appears across everyone diagnosed, not a prediction for one person — most people have some of these and not others. Orphanet also records findings that are specifically absent in this disease; those are in the data but not listed here.

Genes

ICD-10 codes

ICD-10 has no distinct code for most rare diseases, so many are filed under the nearest available one. A shared code identifies the group, not this disease — the ORPHAcode above is what identifies it.

Cross-references