20 ML dobutamine 12.5 MG/ML Injection

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dobutamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection is indicated when parenteral therapy is necessary for inotropic support in the short-term treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility resulting either from organic heart disease or from cardiac surgical procedures. Experience with intravenous dobutamine in controlled trials does not extend beyond 48 hours of repeated boluses and/or continuous infusions. Whether given orally, continuously intravenously, or intermittently intravenously, neither dobutamine nor any other cyclic-AMP-dependent inotrope has been shown in controlled trials to be safe or effective in the long-term treatment of congestive heart failure. In controlled trials of chronic oral therapy with various such agents, symptoms were not consistently alleviated, and the cyclic-AMP-dependent inotropes were consistently associated with increased risks of hospitalization and death. Patients with NYHA Class IV symptoms appeared to be at particular risk.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Note - Do not add dobutamine to 5% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection or to any other strongly alkaline solution. Because of potential physical incompatibilities, it is recommended that dobutamine not be mixed with other drugs in the same solution. Dobutamine should not be used in conjunction with other agents or diluents containing both sodium bisulfite and ethanol. Preparation and Stability At the time of administration, dobutamine must be further diluted in an IV container to at least a 50 mL solution using one of the following intravenous solutions as a diluent: 5% Dextrose Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 10% Dextrose Injection, Isolyte ® M with 5% Dextrose Injection, Lactated Ringer’s Injection, 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection, Normosol ® -M in D5-W, 20% Osmitrol ® in Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, or Sodium Lactate Injection. Intravenous solutions should be used within 24 hours. Recommended Dosage Infusion of dobutamine should be started at a low rate (0.5 to 1 mcg/kg/min) and titrated at intervals of a few minutes, guided by the patient’s response, including systemic blood pressure, urine flow, frequency of ectopic activity, heart rate and (whenever possible) measurements of cardiac output, central venous pressure, and/or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. In reported trials, the optimal infusion rates have varied from patient to patient, usually 2 to 20 mcg/kg/min but sometimes slightly outside of this range. On rare occasions, infusion rates up to 40 mcg/kg/min have been required to obtain the desired effect. Rates of infusion (mL/h) for dobutamine concentrations of 500 mcg/mL, 1000 mcg/mL, and 2000 mcg/mL necessary to attain various delivery rates of dobutamine (mcg/kg/min) for patients of different weights are given in Table 1. Table 1 Dobutamine Injection USP Infusion Rate (mL/h) for 500 mcg/mL concentration Drug Delivery Rate Patient Body Weight (kg) (mcg/kg/min) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6 6.6 1 0.6 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12 13.2 2.5 1.5 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 5 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 7.5 4.5 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 10 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 12.5 7.5 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 15 9 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 17.5 10.5 21 42 63 84 105 126 147 168 189 210 231 20 12 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 Dobutamine Injection USP Infusion Rate (mL/h) for 1000 mcg/mL concentration Drug Delivery Rate Patient Body Weight (kg) (mcg/kg/min) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 1 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6 6.6 2.5 0.7 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 5 1.5 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 7.5 2.2 4.5 9 13.5 18 22.5 27 31.5 36 40.5 45 49.5 10 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 12.5 3.7 7.5 15 22.5 30 37.5 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 82.5 15 4.5 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 17.5 5.2 10.5 21 31.5 42 52.5 63 73.5 84 94.5 105 115.5 20 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 Dobutamine Injection USP Infusion Rate (mL/h) for 2000 mcg/mL concentration Drug Delivery Rate Patient Body Weight (kg) (mcg/kg/min) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.5 0.07 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 2.5 0.4 0.7 1.5 2 3 4 4.5 5 6 7 7.5 8 5 0.7 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 7.5 1.1 2.2 4.5 7 9 11 13.5 16 18 20 22.5 25 10 1.5 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 12.5 1.9 3.7 7 11 15 19 22.5 26 30 34 37.5 41 15 2.2 4.5 9 13.5 18 22.5 27 31.5 36 40.5 45 49.5 17.5 2.6 5.2 10.5 15.7 21 26.2 31.5 36.7 42 47.2 52.5 57.7 20 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 Concentrations of up to 5,000 mcg/mL have been administered to humans (250 mg/50 mL). The final volume administered should be determined by the fluid requirements of the patient. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

WARNINGS Increase in Heart Rate or Blood Pressure Dobutamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection may cause a marked increase in heart rate or blood pressure, especially systolic pressure. Approximately 10% of adult patients in clinical studies have had rate increases of 30 beats/minute or more, and about 7.5% have had a 50-mm Hg or greater increase in systolic pressure. Usually, reduction of dosage reverses these effects. Because dobutamine facilitates atrioventricular conduction, patients with atrial fibrillation are at risk of developing rapid ventricular response. Patients with preexisting hypertension appear to face an increased risk of developing an exaggerated pressor response. In patients who have atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, a digitalis preparation should be used prior to institution of therapy with Dobutamine in D 5 W. Ectopic Activity Dobutamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection may precipitate or exacerbate ventricular ectopic activity, but it rarely has caused ventricular tachycardia. Hypersensitivity Reactions suggestive of hypersensitivity associated with administration of dobutamine including skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and bronchospasm, have been reported occasionally. Dobutamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions, including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes, in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people. Solutions containing dextrose should not be administered through the same administration set as blood, as this may result in pseudoagglutination or hemolysis. The intravenous administration of solutions may cause fluid overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injections. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration of the injections. Excess administration of potassium-free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.

CONTRAINDICATIONS Dobutamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection is contraindicated in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and in patients who have shown previous manifestations of hypersensitivity to dobutamine. Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Dobutamine hydrochloride is a direct-acting inotropic agent whose primary activity results from stimulation of the beta-receptors of the heart while producing comparatively mild chronotropic, hypertensive, arrhythmogenic, and vasodilative effects. It does not cause the release of endogenous norepinephrine, as does dopamine. In animal studies, dobutamine produces less increase in heart rate and less decrease in peripheral vascular resistance for a given inotropic effect than does isoproterenol. In patients with depressed cardiac function, both dobutamine and isoproterenol increase the cardiac output to a similar degree. In the case of dobutamine, this increase is usually not accompanied by marked increases in heart rate (although tachycardia is occasionally observed), and the cardiac stroke volume is usually increased. In contrast, isoproterenol increases the cardiac index primarily by increasing the heart rate while stroke volume changes little or declines. Facilitation of atrioventricular conduction has been observed in human electrophysiologic studies and in patients with atrial fibrillation. Systemic vascular resistance is usually decreased with administration of dobutamine. Occasionally, minimum vasoconstriction has been observed. Most clinical experience with dobutamine is short-term - not more than several hours in duration. In the limited number of patients who were studied for 24, 48, and 72 hours, a persistent increase in cardiac output occurred in some, whereas output returned toward baseline values in others. The onset of action of dobutamine is within one to two minutes; however, as much as ten minutes may be required to obtain the peak effect of a particular infusion rate. The plasma half-life of dobutamine in humans is two minutes. The principal routes of metabolism are methylation of the catechol and conjugation. In human urine, the major excretion products are the conjugates of dobutamine and 3-O-methyl dobutamine. The 3-O-methyl derivative of dobutamine is inactive. Alteration of synaptic concentrations of catecholamines with either reserpine or tricyclic antidepressants does not alter the actions of dobutamine in animals, which indicates that the actions of dobutamine are not dependent on presynaptic mechanisms. The effective infusion rate of dobutamine varies widely from patient to patient, and titration is always necessary (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). At least in pediatric patients, dobutamine-induced increases in cardiac output and systemic pressure are generally seen, in any given patient, at lower infusion rates than those that cause substantial tachycardia (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use ). Dextrose provides a source of calories. Dextrose is readily metabolized, may decrease losses of body protein and nitrogen, promotes glycogen deposition and decreases or prevents ketosis if sufficient doses are provided.