3% Sodium Chloride

INDICATIONS AND USAGE: 3% Sodium Chloride Injection is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: As directed by a physician. Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualized and depend upon the indication for use, the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, concomitant treatment, and on the patient's clinical and laboratory response to treatment. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Use of a final filter is recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions, where possible. Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. All injections in flexible plastic containers are intended for intravenous administration using sterile and nonpyrogenic equipment. Additives may be incompatible. Complete information is not available. Those additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if available. If, in the informed judgment of the physician, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives. After opening the container, the contents should be used immediately and should not be stored for a subsequent infusion. Do not reconnect any partially used containers. Discard any unused portion.

WARNINGS: Hypersensitivity/infusion reactions, including hypotension, pyrexia, tremor, chills, urticaria, rash, and pruritus may occur with 3% Sodium Chloride Injection. Stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, such as tachycardia, chest pain, dyspnea and flushing. Appropriate therapeutic countermeasures must be instituted as clinically indicated. Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of 3% Sodium Chloride Injection can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration/hypervolemia, congested states, pulmonary edema, or acid-base imbalance. The risk of dilutive states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration of the injection. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection. Monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient or the rate of administration warrants such evaluation. Administer 3% Sodium Chloride Injection with particular caution to patients with or at risk for hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hypervolemia or with conditions that may cause sodium retention, fluid overload and edema; such as patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, or secondary hyperaldosteronism (for example, associated with hypertension, congestive heart failure, liver disease (including cirrhosis), renal disease (including renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis) or pre-eclampsia). Certain medications may increase risk of sodium and fluid retention ( see Drug Interactions ). Administer 3% Sodium Chloride Injection with particular caution to patients with severe renal impairment. In such patients administration of Sodium Chloride Injection may result in sodium retention.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: None known.

Drug Interactions Caution must be exercised in the administration of 3% Sodium Chloride Injection to patients treated with drugs that may increase the risk of sodium and fluid retention, such as corticosteroids. Caution is advised in patients treated with lithium. Renal sodium and lithium clearance may be increased during the administration of 3% Sodium Chloride Injection. Administration of 3% Sodium Chloride Injection may, therefore, result in decreased lithium levels.

ADVERSE REACTIONS: Post-Marketing Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions have not been reported with 3% Sodium Chloride Injection but may occur: hyperchloremia hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypersensitivity/infusion reactions, including hypotension, pyrexia, tremor, chills, urticaria, rash, and pruritus, Infusion site reactions, such as thrombosis, phlebitis, irritation, infusion site erythema, injection site streaking, burning sensation, infusion site urticaria. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: 3% Sodium Chloride Injection has value as a source of water and electrolytes. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.