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Start free with EleplanMohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome
ORPHA:52368Disease
Also called Hearing loss-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome · DDON syndrome · Deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome
What it is
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by clinical manifestations commencing with early childhood onset hearing loss, followed by adolescent onset progressive dystonia or ataxia, visual impairment from early adulthood onwards and dementia from the 4th decade onwards.
Key facts
- Prevalence
- <1 / 1 000 000
- Age of onset
- Childhood
- Inheritance
- X-linked recessive
- Classified as
- Disease
Prevalence figures describe populations, not individuals, and are often estimates from a single study. Where the figure is an incidence or a birth prevalence, it says so.
Signs and symptoms
Common30–79%
20- Abnormal cochlea morphology
- Abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials
- Abnormality of visual evoked potentials
- Abnormal pyramidal sign
- Abnormal vestibular function
- Absent brainstem auditory responses
- Ankle clonus
- Atypical behavior
- Babinski sign
- Dystonia
- Generalized dystonia
- Global brain atrophy
- Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
- Mental deterioration
- Optic atrophy
- Oromandibular dystonia
- Postlingual sensorineural hearing impairment
- Prelingual sensorineural hearing impairment
- Sensorineural hearing impairment
- Visual impairment
Sometimes5–29%
20- Agammaglobulinemia
- Apraxia
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Caudate atrophy
- Central scotoma
- Cerebral visual impairment
- Color vision defect
- Dementia
and 12 more in this range
These ranges are how often a sign appears across everyone diagnosed, not a prediction for one person — most people have some of these and not others. Orphanet also records findings that are specifically absent in this disease; those are in the data but not listed here.
Gene
ICD-10 codes
ICD-10 has no distinct code for most rare diseases, so many are filed under the nearest available one. A shared code identifies the group, not this disease — the ORPHAcode above is what identifies it.
Related health topics
Reached through the ICD-10 categories this disease is filed under, so these describe the broader group rather than this disease specifically.
Cross-references
Orphadata Science: Free access data from Orphanet. © INSERM 1999. Data version 2026-06-23. Available under CC BY 4.0. This is a reference, not medical advice.
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