Xanthinuria type I

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Xanthinuria type I

ORPHA:93601Etiological subtype

Also called XDH deficiency · XO deficiency · XOR deficiency · Xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency · Xanthine oxidase deficiency · Xanthine oxidoreductase deficiency

What it is

Type I xanthinuria, a type of classical xanthinuria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism characterized by the isolated deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase, causing hyperxanthinemia with low or absent uric acid and xanthinuria, leading to urolithiasis, hematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections, while some patients are asymptomatic and others suffer from kidney failure. Less common manifestations include arthropathy, myopathy and duodenal ulcer.

Key facts

Inheritance
Autosomal recessive
Classified as
Etiological subtype

Recorded for the broader condition

Prevalence
1-9 / 100 000 (annual incidence, Europe)Hereditary xanthinuria
Age of onset
All agesHereditary xanthinuria

Orphanet records these for the broader condition rather than for this specific form. They are a starting point, not a figure for this subtype — subtypes often differ, and some are defined by being rarer than the condition they sit under.

Gene

XDHDisease-causing germline mutation(s)

ICD-10 codes

E79.8filed under a broader ICD-10 category — shared with 17 other rare diseases

ICD-10 has no distinct code for most rare diseases, so many are filed under the nearest available one. A shared code identifies the group, not this disease — the ORPHAcode above is what identifies it.

Related health topics

Reached through the ICD-10 categories this disease is filed under, so these describe the broader group rather than this disease specifically.

Cross-references

GARD 5621MESH C562584MONDO 0010209OMIM 278300UMLS C0268118

Orphadata Science: Free access data from Orphanet. © INSERM 1999. Data version 2026-06-23. Available under CC BY 4.0. This is a reference, not medical advice.

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