Travoprost

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Travoprost ophthalmic solution (ionic buffered solution) 0.004% is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Travoprost ophthalmic solution (ionic buffered solution) 0.004% is a prostaglandin analog indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (1)

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Travoprost ophthalmic solution (ionic buffered solution) should not be administered more than once daily since it has been shown that more frequent administration of prostaglandin analogs may decrease the IOP lowering effect. Reduction of the IOP starts approximately 2 hours after the first administration with maximum effect reached after 12 hours. Travoprost ophthalmic solution (ionic buffered solution) may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart. One drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. (2)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Pigmentation: Pigmentation of the iris, periorbital tissue (eyelid), and eyelashes can occur. Iris pigmentation likely to be permanent. ( 5.1 ) Eyelash Changes: Gradual change to eyelashes including increased length, thickness and number of lashes. Usually reversible. ( 5.2 ) 5.1 Pigmentation Travoprost ophthalmic solution has been reported to cause changes to pigmented tissues. The most frequently reported changes have been increased pigmentation of the iris, periorbital tissue (eyelid), and eyelashes. Pigmentation is expected to increase as long as travoprost is administered. The pigmentation change is due to increased melanin content in the melanocytes rather than to an increase in the number of melanocytes. After discontinuation of travoprost, pigmentation of the iris is likely to be permanent, while pigmentation of the periorbital tissue and eyelash changes have been reported to be reversible in some patients. Patients who receive treatment should be informed of the possibility of increased pigmentation. The long-term effects of increased pigmentation are not known. Iris color change may not be noticeable for several months to years. Typically, the brown pigmentation around the pupil spreads concentrically towards the periphery of the iris and the entire iris or parts of the iris become more brownish. Neither nevi nor freckles of the iris appear to be affected by treatment. While treatment with travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) can be continued in patients who develop noticeably increased iris pigmentation, these patients should be examined regularly [see Patient Counseling Information (17) ]. 5.2 Eyelash Changes Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) may gradually change eyelashes and vellus hair in the treated eye. These changes include increased length, thickness, and number of lashes. Eyelash changes are usually reversible upon discontinuation of treatment [see Patient Counseling Information (17) ]. 5.3 Intraocular Inflammation Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) should be used with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation (e.g., uveitis) because the inflammation may be exacerbated. 5.4 Macular Edema Macular edema, including cystoid macular edema, has been reported during treatment with travoprost ophthalmic solution. Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) should be used with caution in aphakic patients, in pseudophakic patients with a torn posterior lens capsule, or in patients with known risk factors for macular edema. 5.5 Angle-closure, Inflammatory or Neovascular Glaucoma Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) has not been evaluated for the treatment of angle-closure, inflammatory or neovascular glaucoma. 5.6 Bacterial Keratitis There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple-dose containers of topical ophthalmic products. These containers had been inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface [see Patient Counseling Information (17) ] . 5.7 Use with Contact Lenses Contact lenses should be removed prior to instillation of travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) and may be reinserted 15 minutes following its administration.

CONTRAINDICATIONS None. None. ( 4 )

ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reaction (30% to 50%) is conjunctival hyperemia. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Micro Labs USA, Inc. at 1-855-839-8195 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The most common adverse reaction observed in controlled clinical trials with travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% and travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) was ocular hyperemia, which was reported in 30% to 50% of patients. Up to 3% of patients discontinued therapy due to conjunctival hyperemia. Ocular adverse reactions reported at an incidence of 5% to 10% in these clinical trials included decreased visual acuity, eye discomfort, foreign body sensation, pain, and pruritus. Ocular adverse reactions reported at an incidence of 1% to 4% in clinical trials with travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% or travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) included abnormal vision, blepharitis, blurred vision, cataract, conjunctivitis, corneal staining, dry eye, iris discoloration, keratitis, lid margin crusting, ocular inflammation, photophobia, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and tearing. Non-ocular adverse reactions reported at an incidence of 1% to 5% in these clinical studies were allergy, angina pectoris, anxiety, arthritis, back pain, bradycardia, bronchitis, chest pain, cold/flu syndrome, depression, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal disorder, headache, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hypotension, infection, pain, prostate disorder, sinusitis, urinary incontinence, and urinary tract infections. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% or travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) in clinical practice. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. The reactions, which have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, possible causal connection to travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% or travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution), or a combination of these factors, include: arrhythmia, vomiting, epistaxis, tachycardia, and insomnia. In postmarketing use with prostaglandin analogs, periorbital and lid changes including deepening of the eyelid sulcus have been observed.

Mechanism of Action Travoprost free acid, a prostaglandin analog is a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist, which is believed to reduce IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The exact mechanism of action is unknown at this time.