Teriparatide

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Teriparatide injection is indicated: For the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture (defined herein as having a history of osteoporotic fracture or multiple risk factors for fracture) or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, Teriparatide injection reduces the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. To increase bone mass in men with primary or hypogonadal osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. For the treatment of men and women with osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy (daily dosage equivalent to 5 mg or greater of prednisone) at high risk for fracture or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. Teriparatide injection is a synthetic parathyroid hormone analog, (PTH 1-34), indicated for: Treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 ) Increase of bone mass in men with primary or hypogonadal osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 ) Treatment of men and women with osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 )

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Use only one injection to achieve the once daily recommended dosage. ( 2.1 ) Maximum recommended YORVIPATH dosage is 30 mcg subcutaneously once daily. ( 2.1 ) Individualize YORVIPATH dosage based on serum calcium. ( 2.1 ) Refer to the Full Prescribing Information for complete dosage and administration information. ( 2 ) 2.1 Overview of Dosage and Monitoring Use only one injection to achieve the once daily recommended dosage. Using two injections to achieve the recommended once daily dosage increases the risk of unintended changes in serum calcium levels, including hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. [see Dosage and Administration (2.4 , 2.6) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . The maximum recommended dosage is 30 mcg subcutaneously once daily. If an adequate response is not achieved with a maximum YORVIPATH dosage of 30 mcg, consider adding or restarting calcium and/or active vitamin D therapy and/or seek other treatment options [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . YORVIPATH's once daily subcutaneous dosage is individualized. The recommended starting dosage is 18 mcg once daily and is titrated in 3 mcg increments or decrements with the goal of maintaining serum calcium within the normal range without the need for active vitamin D (e.g., calcitriol) or therapeutic calcium doses (elemental calcium >600 mg/day). Calcium supplementation sufficient to meet daily dietary requirements may be continued. Advise patients to monitor daily for clinical signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. Measure serum calcium 7 to 10 days after the first YORVIPATH dose and after any dose change in YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, or calcium supplements, and monitor for clinical signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. Once the YORVIPATH maintenance dosage is achieved, measure serum calcium levels at a minimum every 4 to 6 weeks or as indicated for symptoms of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. Adjust YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and/or calcium supplements per Figure 1. Some patients may require an increase in the YORVIPATH dose over time to maintain the same therapeutic effect [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Refer to the Instructions for Use (IFU) for detailed instructions on the proper preparation and administration of YORVIPATH [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ] . 2.2 Laboratory Testing Prior to Initiation of YORVIPATH Within two weeks before the first dose of YORVIPATH, confirm serum 25(OH) vitamin D is within the normal range and albumin-corrected serum calcium is ≥7.8 mg/dL. 2.3 Modification of Active Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements on Day of YORVIPATH Initiation or Up-titration On the day of initiation or up-titration of YORVIPATH, adjust the dose of active vitamin D and calcium supplements based on albumin-corrected serum calcium and current active vitamin D intake (Table 1). Table 1: Dosage Adjustments to Active Vitamin D (calcitriol) and Calcium Supplements upon Initiation or Up-titration of YORVIPATH Treatment Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium Current Active Vitamin D (calcitriol) Intake Adjust Active Vitamin D (calcitriol) Intake Adjust Calcium Supplements ≥8.3 mg/dL >1 mcg/day Reduce calcitriol dosage by ≥50% Maintain current calcium dosage ≥8.3 mg/dL ≤1 mcg/day Discontinue calcitriol Maintain current calcium dosage ≥7.8 to <8.3 mg/dL Any amount Reduce calcitriol dosage by ≥50% Maintain current calcium dosage ≥7.8 mg/dL Not currently on active vitamin D Not applicable Reduce calcium daily dosage by at least 1500 mg or discontinue If calcium supplements are needed to meet dietary requirements, continuing dietary calcium supplements at elemental dosages ≤600 mg/day may be considered instead of discontinuing the calcium entirely. if current calcium daily dosage is ≤1500 mg/day 2.4 Recommended Dosage, Titration Scheme, and Monitoring The recommended starting dosage of YORVIPATH is 18 mcg once daily. Dosage adjustments should be made in 3 mcg increments or decrements. Do not increase the YORVIPATH dosage more often than every 7 days. Do not decrease the YORVIPATH dosage more often than every 3 days. The recommended dosage range of YORVIPATH is 6 to 30 mcg once daily. Measure serum calcium within 7 to 10 days after the first dose and any dose change in YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, or calcium supplements, and monitor for clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. Adjust YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and/or calcium supplements per Figure 1. The maintenance dosage is individualized and should be the YORVIPATH dose that achieves serum calcium within the normal range, without the need for active vitamin D or therapeutic doses of calcium. Calcium supplementation sufficient to meet daily dietary requirements may be continued. Once the maintenance dosage is achieved, monitor for clinical signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia and measure serum calcium levels as indicated, and at a minimum every 4 to 6 weeks, as some patients may require further dose titration. If calcium levels remain low with the maximum recommended dosage of 30 mcg once daily, consider adding or restarting calcium and/or active vitamin D therapy and/or seek other treatment. Titration Recommendations for Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium Less Than 12 mg/dL Figure 1 shows dosage titration recommendations for YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and calcium in adults with specific albumin-corrected serum calcium ranges that are less than or equal to 12 mg/dL. The maximum recommended dosage of YORVIPATH is 30 mcg once daily [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . Figure 1: Titration of YORVIPATH, Active Vitamin D, and Calcium Supplements Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium <8.3 mg/dL: Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium 8.3 to 10.6 mg/dL: Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium 10.7 to 11.9 mg/dL: Figure 1 Figure 1 Figure 1 Titration Recommendations for Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium 12 mg/dL or Greater Withhold YORVIPATH for 2 to 3 days and then recheck serum calcium. If albumin-corrected serum calcium remains ≥12 mg/dL, withhold YORVIPATH for an additional 2 to 3 days and then recheck serum calcium. Once the albumin-corrected serum calcium is <12 mg/dL, resume titration of YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and calcium supplements per the applicable section of Figure 1 using the most recent serum calcium value. 2.5 Dose Delay, Interruption, or Discontinuation of YORVIPATH Take YORVIPATH as soon as possible if a dose is missed by less than 12 hours. Skip the missed dose if the dose has been missed by more than 12 hours. Take the next dose as scheduled. If YORVIPATH treatment is delayed or interrupted for 3 days or more, evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia and consider measuring serum calcium. If indicated, resume treatment with, or increase the dose of, calcium supplements and active vitamin D. Resume YORVIPATH at the previously prescribed dose as soon as possible after an interruption then measure serum calcium within 7 to 10 days and adjust doses of YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and/or calcium supplements per Figure 1 [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . 2.6 Preparation of Pen and Administration Instructions Patients and caregivers who will administer YORVIPATH should receive appropriate training by a healthcare professional prior to first use. Follow the Instructions for Use to administer YORVIPATH using pen and needle: YORVIPATH must be refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) until first use. YORVIPATH should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. YORVIPATH is a clear, colorless solution. Do not use if solid particles appear or if the solution is cloudy or colored. When a pen is used for the first time, test pen flow. Click the needle straight onto the pen, then screw the needle onto the pen until secure. Administer YORVIPATH subcutaneously to the abdomen or front of the thigh. Rotate the injection site daily. YORVIPATH should be administered initially w

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Unintended Changes in Serum Calcium Levels Related to Number of Daily Injections : Use only one daily YORVIPATH injection. Using two YORVIPATH injections to achieve the recommended once daily dosage increases the variability of the total delivered dose. ( 5.1 ) Serious Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia : Have occurred with YORVIPATH. Periodically measure serum calcium and monitor for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. ( 5.2 , 5.3 ) Potential Risk of Osteosarcoma : YORVIPATH is not recommended in patients at increased risk of osteosarcoma. ( 5.4 ) Orthostatic Hypotension : Has been reported with YORVIPATH. Monitor for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. ( 5.5 ) Digoxin Toxicity : Concomitant use with digoxin may predispose to digitalis toxicity if hypercalcemia develops. With concomitant use, frequently measure serum calcium and digoxin levels, and monitor for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity. ( 5.6 , 7.1 ) 5.1 Risk of Unintended Changes in Serum Calcium Levels Related to Number of Daily Injections and Total Delivered Dose Use only one YORVIPATH injection to achieve the recommended once daily dosage. Using two YORVIPATH injections to achieve the recommended once daily dosage increases the variability of the total delivered dose, which can cause unintended changes in serum calcium levels, including hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Warning and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3) ] . 5.2 Serious Hypercalcemia Serious events of hypercalcemia requiring hospitalization have been reported with YORVIPATH. The risk is highest when starting or increasing the dose of YORVIPATH but may occur at any time. Measure serum calcium 7 to 10 days after any dose change or if there are signs or symptoms of hypercalcemia, and at a minimum of every 4 to 6 weeks once the maintenance dose is achieved. Treat hypercalcemia if needed. If albumin-corrected serum calcium is greater than 12 mg/dL, withhold YORVIPATH for at least 2-3 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ]. For less serious hypercalcemia, adjust the dose of YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and/or calcium supplements [see Dosage and Administration (2) , Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . 5.3 Serious Hypocalcemia Serious events of hypocalcemia have been observed with PTH products, including YORVIPATH. The risk is highest when YORVIPATH is abruptly discontinued, but may occur at any time, even in patients who have been on stable doses of YORVIPATH. Measure serum calcium 7 to 10 days after any dose change or if there are signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia, and at a minimum of every 4 to 6 weeks once the maintenance dosage is achieved. Treat hypocalcemia if needed, and adjust the dose of YORVIPATH, active vitamin D, and/or calcium supplements if hypocalcemia occurs [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . 5.4 Potential Risk of Osteosarcoma YORVIPATH is a PTH analog. An increased incidence of osteosarcoma (a malignant bone tumor) has been reported in male and female rats treated with PTH analogs, including teriparatide. Osteosarcoma occurrence in rats is dependent on teriparatide or PTH dose and treatment duration. Osteosarcoma has been reported in patients treated with teriparatide in the postmarketing setting; however, an increased risk of osteosarcoma has not been observed in observational studies in humans. There are limited data assessing the risk of osteosarcoma beyond 2 years of teriparatide use. YORVIPATH is not recommended in patients who are at increased risk of osteosarcoma, such as patients with: Open epiphyses. YORVIPATH is not approved in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . Metabolic bone diseases other than hypoparathyroidism, including Paget's disease of bone. Unexplained elevations of alkaline phosphatase. Bone metastases or a history of skeletal malignancies. History of external beam or implant radiation therapy involving the skeleton. Hereditary disorders predisposing to osteosarcoma. Instruct patients to promptly report clinical symptoms (e.g., persistent localized pain) and signs (e.g., soft tissue mass tender to palpation) that could be consistent with osteosarcoma. 5.5 Orthostatic Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension has been reported with YORVIPATH. Associated signs and symptoms may include decreased blood pressure, dizziness (including postural dizziness), palpitations, tachycardia, presyncope, or syncope. Such symptoms can be managed by dosing at bedtime, while reclining. YORVIPATH should be administered initially when the patient can sit or lie down due to the potential of orthostatic hypotension. 5.6 Risk of Digoxin Toxicity With Concomitant Use of Digitalis Compounds YORVIPATH increases serum calcium, and therefore, concomitant use with digoxin (which has a narrow therapeutic index) may predispose patients to digitalis toxicity if hypercalcemia develops. Digoxin efficacy may be reduced if hypocalcemia is present. When YORVIPATH is used concomitantly with digoxin, measure serum calcium and digoxin levels routinely, and monitor for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Refer to the digoxin prescribing information for dose adjustments, if needed [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] .

CONTRAINDICATIONS YORVIPATH is contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to palopegteriparatide or to any of its excipients. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria, have been observed with parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs. Severe hypersensitivity to palopegteriparatide or any components of YORVIPATH. ( 4 )

DRUG INTERACTIONS Drugs Known to Affect Calcium : When used concomitantly with YORVIPATH, measure serum calcium levels more frequently. ( 7.2 ) 7.1 Drugs Affected by Serum Calcium Digoxin YORVIPATH increases serum calcium, therefore, concomitant use with digoxin (which has a narrow therapeutic index) may predispose patients to digitalis toxicity if hypercalcemia develops. Digoxin efficacy may be reduced if hypocalcemia is present. When YORVIPATH is used concomitantly with digoxin, measure serum calcium and digoxin levels, and monitor for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Adjustment of the digoxin and/or YORVIPATH dose may be needed. 7.2 Drugs Known to Affect Serum Calcium Drugs that affect serum calcium may alter the therapeutic response to YORVIPATH. Measure serum calcium more frequently when YORVIPATH is used concomitantly with these drugs, particularly after these drugs are initiated, discontinued, or dose-adjusted.

ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (>10%) include: arthralgia, pain, and nausea ( 6.1 )To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-423-4136 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Men with Primary or Hypogonadal Osteoporosis and Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis The safety of Teriparatide injection in the treatment of osteoporosis in men and postmenopausal women was assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of 1382 patients (21% men, 79% women) aged 28 to 86 years (mean 67 years) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 , 14.2 )]. The median durations of the trials were 11 months for men and 19 months for women, with 691 patients exposed to Teriparatide injection and 691 patients to placebo. All patients received 1000 mg of calcium plus at least 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 1% in the Teriparatide injection group and 1% in the placebo group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 16% in the Teriparatide injection group and 19% in the placebo group. Early discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 7% in the Teriparatide injection group and 6% in the placebo group. Table 1 lists adverse events from these two trials that occurred in ≥2% of Teriparatide injection-treated and more frequently than placebo-treated patients. Table 1. Percentage of Patients with Adverse Events Reported by at Least 2% of Teriparatide injection-Treated Patients and in More Teriparatide injection-Treated Patients than Placebo-Treated Patients from the Two Principal Osteoporosis Trials in Women and Men Adverse Events are Shown Without Attribution of Causality Teriparatide injection N=691 Placebo N=691 Event Classification (%) (%) Body as a Whole Pain 21.3 20.5 Headache 7.5 7.4 Asthenia 8.7 6.8 Neck Pain 3.0 2.7 Cardiovascular Hypertension 7.1 6.8 Angina pectoris 2.5 1.6 Syncope 2.6 1.4 Digestive System Nausea 8.5 6.7 Constipation 5.4 4.5 Diarrhea 5.1 4.6 Dyspepsia 5.2 4.1 Vomiting 3.0 2.3 Gastrointestinal disorder 2.3 2.0 Tooth disorder 2.0 1.3 Musculoskeletal Arthralgia 10.1 8.4 Leg cramps 2.6 1.3 Nervous System Dizziness 8.0 5.4 Depression 4.1 2.7 Insomnia 4.3 3.6 Vertigo 3.8 2.7 Respiratory System Rhinitis 9.6 8.8 Cough increased 6.4 5.5 Pharyngitis 5.5 4.8 Dyspnea 3.6 2.6 Pneumonia 3.9 3.3 Skin and Appendages Rash 4.9 4.5 Sweating 2.2 1.7 Laboratory Findings Serum Calcium — Teriparatide injection transiently increased serum calcium, with the maximal effect observed at approximately 4 to 6 hours post-dose. Serum calcium measured at least 16 hours post-dose was not different from pretreatment levels. In clinical trials, the frequency of at least 1 episode of transient hypercalcemia in the 4 to 6 hours after Teriparatide injection administration was 11% of women and 6% of men treated with Teriparatide injection compared to 2% of women and 0% of the men treated with placebo. The percentage of patients treated with Teriparatide injection whose transient hypercalcemia was verified on consecutive measurements was 3% of women and 1% of men. Urinary Calcium — Teriparatide injection increased urinary calcium excretion, but the frequency of hypercalciuria in clinical trials was similar for patients treated with Teriparatide injection and placebo [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )]. Serum Uric Acid — Teriparatide injection increased serum uric acid concentrations. In clinical trials, 3% of Teriparatide injection-treated patients had serum uric acid concentrations above the upper limit of normal compared with 1% of placebo-treated patients. However, the hyperuricemia did not result in an increase in gout, arthralgia, or urolithiasis. Renal Function — No clinically important adverse renal effects were observed in clinical studies. Assessments included creatinine clearance; measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrolytes in serum; urine specific gravity and pH; and examination of urine sediment. Men and Women with Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis The safety of Teriparatide injection in the treatment of men and women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial of 428 patients (19% men, 81% women) aged 22 to 89 years (mean 57 years) treated with ≥ 5mg per day prednisone or equivalent for a minimum of 3 months [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]. The duration of the trial was 18 months with 214 patients exposed to Teriparatide injection and 214 patients exposed to oral daily bisphosphonate (active control). All patients received 1000 mg of calcium plus 800 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day. There was no increase in mortality in the Teriparatide injection group compared to the active control group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 21% in Teriparatide injection patients and 18% in active control patients, and included pneumonia (3% Teriparatide injection, 1% active control). Early discontinuation because of adverse events occurred in 15% of Teriparatide injection patients and 12% of active control patients, and included dizziness (2% Teriparatide injection, 0% active control). Adverse events reported at a higher incidence in the Teriparatide injection group and with at least a 2% difference in Teriparatide injection-treated patients compared with active control-treated patients were: nausea (14%, 7%), gastritis (7%, 3%), pneumonia (6%, 3%), dyspnea (6%, 3%), insomnia (5%, 1%), anxiety (4%, 1%), and herpes zoster (3%, 1%), respectively. 6.2 Immunogenicity As with all peptides, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other teriparatide products may be misleading. In the clinical trial of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] , antibodies that cross reacted with teriparatide were detected in 3% of women (15/541) who received Teriparatide injection. Generally, antibodies were first detected following 12 months of treatment and diminished after withdrawal of therapy. There was no evidence of hypersensitivity reactions among these patients. Antibody formation did not appear to have effects on serum calcium, or on bone mineral density (BMD) response. 6.3 Postmarketing Experience Adverse Reactions from Postmarketing Spontaneous Reports The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Teriparatide injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cases of bone tumor and osteosarcoma have been reported rarely in the postmarketing period [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Hypercalcemia greater than 13 mg/dL has been reported with Teriparatide injection use. Adverse events reported since market introduction that were temporally related to Teriparatide injection therapy include the following: Allergic Reactions: Anaphylactic reactions, drug hypersensitivity, angioedema, urticaria Investigations: Hyperuricemia Respiratory System: Acute dyspnea, chest pain Musculoskeletal: Muscle spasms of the leg or back Other: Injection s

Mechanism of Action Endogenous 84-amino acid parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in bone and kidney. Physiological actions of PTH include regulation of bone metabolism, renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphate, and intestinal calcium absorption. The biological actions of PTH and teriparatide are mediated through binding to specific high-affinity cell-surface receptors. Teriparatide and the 34 N-terminal amino acids of PTH bind to these receptors with the same affinity and have the same physiological actions on bone and kidney. Teriparatide is not expected to accumulate in bone or other tissues. The skeletal effects of teriparatide depend upon the pattern of systemic exposure. Once-daily administration of teriparatide stimulates new bone formation on trabecular and cortical (periosteal and/or endosteal) bone surfaces by preferential stimulation of osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity. In monkey studies, teriparatide improved trabecular micro-architecture and increased bone mass and strength by stimulating new bone formation in both cancellous and cortical bone. In humans, the anabolic effects of teriparatide manifest as an increase in skeletal mass, an increase in markers of bone formation and resorption, and an increase in bone strength. By contrast, continuous excess of endogenous PTH, as occurs in hyperparathyroidism, may be detrimental to the skeleton because bone resorption may be stimulated more than bone formation.