cisplatin 50 MG Injection

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Cisplatin Injection is indicated as therapy to be employed as follows: Metastatic Testicular Tumors In established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with metastatic testicular tumors who have already received appropriate surgical and/or radio therapeutic procedures. Metastatic Ovarian Tumors In established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with metastatic ovarian tumors who have already received appropriate surgical and/or radiotherapeutic procedures. An established combination consists of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Cisplatin Injection, as a single agent, is indicated as secondary therapy in patients with metastatic ovarian tumors refractory to standard chemotherapy who have not previously received Cisplatin Injection therapy. Advanced Bladder Cancer Cisplatin Injection is indicated as a single agent for patients with transitional cell bladder cancer which is no longer amenable to local treatments, such as surgery and/or radiotherapy.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Cisplatin is administered by slow intravenous infusion. CISPLATIN SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN BY RAPID INTRAVENOUS INJECTION. Note: Needles or intravenous sets containing aluminum parts that may come in contact with cisplatin should not be used for preparation or administration. Aluminum reacts with cisplatin, causing precipitate formation and a loss of potency. Metastatic Testicular Tumors The usual cisplatin dose for the treatment of testicular cancer in combination with other approved chemotherapeutic agents is 20 mg/m 2 IV daily for 5 days per cycle. Metastatic Ovarian Tumors The usual cisplatin dose for the treatment of metastatic ovarian tumors in combination with cyclophosphamide is 75 to 100 mg/m 2 IV per cycle once every 4 weeks (DAY 1). The dose of cyclophosphamide when used in combination with cisplatin is 600 mg/m 2 IV once every 4 weeks (DAY 1). For directions for the administration of cyclophosphamide, refer to the cyclophosphamide package insert. In combination therapy, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide are administered sequentially. As a single agent, cisplatin should be administered at a dose of 100 mg/m 2 IV per cycle once every 4 weeks. Advanced Bladder Cancer Cisplatin should be administered as a single agent at a dose of 50 to 70 mg/m 2 IV per cycle once every 3 to 4 weeks depending on the extent of prior exposure to radiation therapy and/or prior chemotherapy. For heavily pretreated patients an initial dose of 50 mg/m 2 per cycle repeated every 4 weeks is recommended. All Patients Pretreatment hydration with 1 to 2 liters of fluid infused for 8 to 12 hours prior to a cisplatin dose is recommended. The drug is then diluted in 2 liters of 5% Dextrose in 1/2 or 1/3 normal saline containing 37.5 g of mannitol, and infused over a 6- to 8-hour period. If diluted solution is not to be used within 6 hours, protect solution from light. Do not dilute cisplatin in just 5% Dextrose Injection. Adequate hydration and urinary output must be maintained during the following 24 hours. A repeat course of cisplatin should not be given until the serum creatinine is below 1.5 mg/100 mL, and/or the BUN is below 25 mg/100 mL. A repeat course should not be given until circulating blood elements are at an acceptable level (platelets ≥ 100,000/mm 3 , WBC ≥ 4,000/mm 3 ). Subsequent doses of cisplatin should not be given until an audiometric analysis indicates that auditory acuity is within normal limits. Preparation of Intravenous Solutions Preparation Precautions Caution should be exercised in handling the aqueous solution. Procedures for proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be utilized. Several guidelines on this subject have been published. 1-4 To minimize the risk of dermal exposure, always wear impervious gloves when handling vials and IV sets containing cisplatin. Skin reactions associated with accidental exposure to cisplatin may occur. The use of gloves is recommended. If cisplatin contacts the skin or mucosa, immediately and thoroughly wash the skin with soap and water and flush the mucosa with water. More information is available in the references listed below. Instructions for Preparation The aqueous solution should be used intravenously only and should be administered by IV infusion over a 6- to 8-hour period (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. NOTE TO PHARMACIST: Exercise caution to prevent inadvertent cisplatin overdosage. Please call prescriber if dose is greater than 100 mg/m 2 per cycle. Aluminum and flip-off seal of vial have been imprinted with the following statement: CALL DR. IF DOSE > 100 MG/M 2 /CYCLE. Stability Cisplatin is a sterile, multiple dose vial without preservatives. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not refrigerate. Protect unopened container from light. The cisplatin remaining in the amber vial following initial entry is stable for 28 days protected from light or for 7 days under fluorescent room light.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Hypersensitivity reactions: Anaphylaxis and death may occur; monitor for and treat accordingly ( 5.5 ) • Ototoxicity: Cumulative toxicity may be severe particularly in pediatric patients; consider audiometric and vestibular function monitoring ( 5.6 , 8.4 ) • Ocular toxicity: Optic neuritis, papilledema, and cortical blindness may occur ( 5.7 ) • Secondary leukemia: Secondary acute leukemia may occur ( 5.8 ) • Embryo-fetal toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise of potential risk to a fetus and use of effective contraception. ( 5.9 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) 5.1 Nephrotoxicity Cisplatin for injection can cause dose-related nephrotoxicity, including acute renal failure that becomes more prolonged and severe with repeated courses of the drug. Renal toxicity typically begins during the second week after a dose of cisplatin for injection. Patients with baseline renal impairment, geriatric patients, patients who are taking other nephrotoxic drugs, or patients who are not well hydrated may be more susceptible to nephrotoxicity [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 , 8.6 )] . Ensure adequate hydration before, during, and after cisplatin for injection administration [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . Measure serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and serum electrolytes including magnesium prior to initiating therapy, and as clinically indicated. Consider magnesium supplementation as clinically needed. Consider alternative treatments or reduce the dose of cisplatin for injection for patients with baseline renal impairment or who develop significant reductions in creatinine clearance during treatment with cisplatin for injection according to clinical treatment guidelines [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )]. 5.2 Peripheral Neuropathy Cisplatin for injection can cause dose-related peripheral neuropathy that becomes more severe with repeated courses of the drug. Neurologic symptoms have been reported to occur after a single dose. Neuropathy can also have a delayed onset from 3 to 8 weeks after the last dose of cisplatin for injection. Manifestations include paresthesias in a stocking-glove distribution, areflexia, and loss of proprioception and vibratory sensation. The neuropathy may progress further even after stopping treatment. Peripheral neuropathy may be irreversible in some patients. Perform a neurological examination before initiating cisplatin for injection, at appropriate intervals during therapy, and after completion of therapy. Consider discontinuation of cisplatin for injection for patients who develop symptomatic peripheral neuropathy. Geriatric patients may be more susceptible to peripheral neuropathy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 )] . 5.3 Nausea and Vomiting Cisplatin for injection is a highly emetogenic antineoplastic agent. Premedicate with anti-emetic agents [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . Without antiemetic therapy, marked nausea and vomiting occur in almost all patients treated with cisplatin for injection and may be so severe that the drug must be discontinued. Nausea and vomiting may begin within 1 to 4 hours after treatment and last up to 72 hours. Maximal intensity occurs 48 to 72 hours after administration. Various degrees of vomiting, nausea, and/or anorexia may persist for up to 1 week after treatment. Delayed nausea and vomiting (begins or persists 24 hours or more after chemotherapy) has occurred in patients attaining complete emetic control on the day of cisplatin for injection therapy. Consider the use of additional anti-emetics following infusion. 5.4 Myelosuppression Myelosuppression suppression occurs in 25% to 30% of patients treated with cisplatin for injection. Fever and infection have been reported in patients with neutropenia. Potential fatalities due to infection (secondary to myelosuppression) have been reported. Geriatric patients may be more susceptible to myelosuppression [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 )] . Perform standard hematologic tests before initiating cisplatin for injection, before each subsequent course, and as clinically indicated. Closely monitor patients for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with cisplatin for injection. For patients who develop severe myelosuppression during treatment with cisplatin for injection, consider dose modifications and manage according to clinical treatment guidelines. 5.5 Hypersensitivity Reactions Cisplatin for injection can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and death. Manifestations have included facial edema, wheezing, tachycardia, and hypotension. Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred within minutes of administration to patients with prior exposure to cisplatin for injection. Monitor patients receiving cisplatin for injection for possible hypersensitivity reactions. Ensure supportive equipment and medications are available to treat severe hypersensitivity reactions. Severe hypersensitivity reactions require immediate discontinuation of cisplatin for injection and aggressive therapy. Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions should not be rechallenged with cisplatin for injection [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Cross-reactivity between platinum-based antineoplastic agents has been reported. Cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions have recurred after rechallenging patients with a different platinum agent. 5.6 Ototoxicity Cisplatin for injection can cause ototoxicity, which is cumulative and may be severe. Consider audiometric and vestibular function monitoring. Ototoxicity is manifested by tinnitus, hearing loss in the high frequency range (4,000 to 8,000 Hz) and/or decreased ability to hear normal conversational tones. Ototoxicity can occur during or after treatment and can be unilateral or bilateral. Deafness after the initial dose of cisplatin for injection has been reported. Vestibular toxicity has also been reported. Ototoxic effects can be more severe and detrimental in pediatric patients, particularly in patients less than 5 years of age. The prevalence of hearing loss in pediatric patients is estimated to be 40-60%. Additional risk factors for ototoxicity include simultaneous cranial irradiation, treatment with other ototoxic drugs and renal impairment. Consider audiometric and vestibular testing in all pediatric patients receiving cisplatin [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )]. Genetic factors (e.g. variants in the thiopurine S-methyltransferase [TPMT] gene) may also contribute to the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity; although this association has not been consistent across populations and study designs. 5.7 Ocular Toxicity Optic neuritis, papilledema, and cortical blindness have been reported in patients receiving standard recommended doses of cisplatin for injection. Blurred vision and altered color perception have been reported after the use of regimens with higher doses and dose frequencies of cisplatin for injection. The altered color perception manifests as a loss of color discrimination, particularly in the blue-yellow axis and irregular retinal pigmentation of the macular area on fundoscopic exam. Improvement and/or total recovery usually occurs after discontinuing cisplatin for injection but can be delayed. 5.8 Secondary Malignancies The development of acute leukemia secondary to the use of cisplatin for injection has been reported. In these reports, cisplatin for injection was generally given in combination with other leukemogenic agents. 5.9 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on human data, cisplatin for injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 14 months after the last dose of cisplatin for injection. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use

CONTRAINDICATIONS Cisplatin is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Cisplatin should not be employed in myelosuppressed patients, or in patients with hearing impairment. Cisplatin is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergic reactions to cisplatin or other platinum containing compounds.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Plasma concentrations of the parent compound, cisplatin, decay monoexponentially with a half-life of about 20 to 30 minutes following bolus administrations of 50 or 100 mg/m 2 doses. Monoexponential decay and plasma half-lives of about 0.5 hour are also seen following 2 hour or 7 hour infusions of 100 mg/m 2 . After the latter, the total-body clearances and volumes of distribution at steady-state for cisplatin are about 15 to 16 L/h/m 2 and 11 to 12 L/m 2 . Due to its unique chemical structure, the chlorine atoms of cisplatin are more subject to chemical displacement reactions by nucleophiles, such as water or sulfhydryl groups, than to enzyme-catalyzed metabolism. At physiological pH in the presence of 0.1M NaCl, the predominant molecular species are cisplatin and monohydroxymonochloro cis -diammine platinum (II) in nearly equal concentrations. The latter, combined with the possible direct displacement of the chlorine atoms by sulfhydryl groups of amino acids or proteins, accounts for the instability of cisplatin in biological matrices. The ratios of cisplatin to total free (ultrafilterable) platinum in the plasma vary considerably between patients and range from 0.5 to 1.1 after a dose of 100 mg/m 2 . Cisplatin does not undergo the instantaneous and reversible binding to plasma proteins that is characteristic of normal drug-protein binding. However, the platinum from cisplatin, but not cisplatin itself, becomes bound to several plasma proteins, including albumin, transferrin, and gamma globulin. Three hours after a bolus injection and two hours after the end of a three hour infusion, 90% of the plasma platinum is protein bound. The complexes between albumin and the platinum from cisplatin do not dissociate to a significant extent and are slowly eliminated with a minimum half-life of five days or more. Following cisplatin doses of 20 to 120 mg/m 2 , the concentrations of platinum are highest in liver, prostate, and kidney; somewhat lower in bladder, muscle, testicle, pancreas, and spleen; and lowest in bowel, adrenal, heart, lung, cerebrum, and cerebellum. Platinum is present in tissues for as long as 180 days after the last administration. With the exception of intracerebral tumors, platinum concentrations in tumors are generally somewhat lower than the concentrations in the organ where the tumor is located. Different metastatic sites in the same patient may have different platinum concentrations. Hepatic metastases have the highest platinum concentrations, but these are similar to the platinum concentrations in normal liver. Maximum red blood cell concentrations of platinum are reached within 90 to 150 minutes after a 100 mg/m 2 dose of cisplatin and decline in a biphasic manner with a terminal half-life of 36 to 47 days. Over a dose range of 40 to 140 mg cisplatin/m 2 given as a bolus injection or as infusions varying in length from 1 hour to 24 hours, from 10% to about 40% of the administered platinum is excreted in the urine in 24 hours. Over five days following administration of 40 to 100 mg/m 2 doses given as rapid, 2 hour to 3 hour, or 6 hour to 8 hour infusions, a mean of 35% to 51% of the dosed platinum is excreted in the urine. Similar mean urinary recoveries of platinum of about 14% to 30% of the dose are found following five daily administrations of 20, 30, or 40 mg/m 2 /day. Only a small percentage of the administered platinum is excreted beyond 24 hours post-infusion and most of the platinum excreted in the urine in 24 hours is excreted within the first few hours. Platinum-containing species excreted in the urine are the same as those found following the incubation of cisplatin with urine from healthy subjects, except that the proportions are different. The parent compound, cisplatin, is excreted in the urine and accounts for 13% to 17% of the dose excreted within one hour after administration of 50 mg/m 2 . The mean renal clearance of cisplatin exceeds creatinine clearance and is 62 and 50 mL/min/m 2 following administration of 100 mg/m 2 as 2 hour or 6 hour to 7 hour infusions, respectively. The renal clearance of free (ultrafilterable) platinum also exceeds the glomerular filtration rate indicating that cisplatin or other platinum-containing molecules are actively secreted by the kidneys. The renal clearance of free platinum is nonlinear and variable and is dependent on dose, urine flow rate, and individual variability in the extent of active secretion and possible tubular reabsorption. There is a potential for accumulation of ultrafilterable platinum plasma concentrations whenever cisplatin is administered on a daily basis but not when dosed on an intermittent basis. No significant relationships exist between the renal clearance of either free platinum or cisplatin and creatinine clearance. Although small amounts of platinum are present in the bile and large intestine after administration of cisplatin, the fecal excretion of platinum appears to be insignificant.